Gillies repaired facial injuries, and his experiences became the basis of craniofacial and aesthetic surgery. During WWI, Cushing systematized the treatment of head injuries, reducing mortality among head injury patients. To treat fractures and tuberculosis, Thomas created the “Thomas splint”, which was used to stabilize fractured femurs and prevent infection in World War I (WWI), use of this splint reduced the mortality of compound femur fractures from 87% to less than 8%. He established rules for the triage of war casualties, treating wounded soldiers according to the seriousness of their injuries and the urgency of medical care. Larrey, a surgeon in Napoleon’s military, adapted the “flying artillery” to serve as “flying ambulances” for rapid transport of the wounded. In the 16th century, Paré reintroduced ligature of arteries, which had been introduced by Celsus and Galen, instead of cauterization during amputation. The aim of this review is to introduce the progress in trauma surgery made during war.
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